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تاریخچه ی: دانشنامه:فرمول نویسی
!Special characters
Feature |
Syntax |
How it looks rendered |
---|
std. functions (good) |
sin x + \ln y +\operatorname{sgn} z\ |
{TEX()} {\sin x + \ln y +\operatorname{sgn} z} {TEX} |
std. functions (wrong) |
sin x + ln y + sgn z |
{TEX()} {sin x + ln y + sgn z\,} {TEX} |
Modular arithm. |
{s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m |
{TEX()} {s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m}} {TEX} |
Derivatives |
nabla \partial x dx \dot x \ddot y\ |
{TEX()} {\nabla \ \partial x \ dx \ \dot x\ \ddot y} {TEX} |
Sets |
\forall x \not\in \varnothing \subseteq A \cap B \cup \exists \{x,y\}
\times C |
{TEX()} {\forall x \not\in \varnothing \subseteq A \cap B \cup \exists
\{x,y\} \times C} {TEX} |
Logic |
p \land \bar{q} \to p\lor \lnot q |
{TEX()} {p \land \bar{q} \to p\lor \lnot q} {TEX} |
Root |
sqrt{2}\approx 1.4\ |
{TEX()} {\sqrt{2}\approx 1.4} {TEX} |
~np~ {sqrt[n]{x\ ~/np~ |
{TEX()} {\sqrt[n]{x}} {TEX} |
Relations |
sim \simeq \cong \le \ge \equiv \not\equiv \approx \ne\ |
{TEX()} {\sim \ \simeq \ \cong \ \le \ \ge \ \equiv \ \not\equiv \ \approx \ \ne} {TEX} |
Geometric |
~np~ triangle \angle \perp \| 45^\circ\ ~/np~ |
{TEX()} {\triangle \ \angle \perp \| \ 45^\circ} {TEX} |
Arrows |
\leftarrow \rightarrow \leftrightarrow
\longleftarrow \longrightarrow
\mapsto \longmapsto
\nearrow \searrow \swarrow \nwarrow
\uparrow \downarrow \updownarrow
|
{TEX()} {\leftarrow\ \rightarrow\ \leftrightarrow} {TEX}
{TEX()} {\longleftarrow\ \longrightarrow} {TEX}
{TEX()} {\mapsto\ \longmapsto} {TEX}
{TEX()} {\nearrow\ \searrow\ \swarrow\ \nwarrow} {TEX}
{TEX()} {\uparrow\ \downarrow\ \updownarrow} {TEX}
|
\Leftarrow \Rightarrow \Leftrightarrow
\Longleftarrow \Longrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow
\Uparrow \Downarrow \Updownarrow
|
{TEX()} {\Leftarrow\ \Rightarrow\ \Leftrightarrow} {TEX}
{TEX()} {\Longleftarrow\ \Longrightarrow\ \Longleftrightarrow} {TEX}
{TEX()} {\Uparrow\ \Downarrow\ \Updownarrow} {TEX}
|
Special |
\oplus \otimes \pm \mp \hbar \dagger \ddagger \star * \ldots \circ \cdot \times
\bullet \infty \vdash \models |
{TEX()} {\oplus \otimes \pm \mp \hbar \dagger \ddagger \star * \ldots} {TEX}
{TEX()} {\circ \cdot \times \bullet\ \infty \ \vdash \ \models} {TEX} |
!Subscripts, superscripts
Feature |
Syntax |
How it looks rendered |
Superscript |
~np~a^2 ~/np~ |
{TEX()} {a^2} {TEX} |
{TEX()} {a^2} {TEX} |
Subscript |
a_2 |
{TEX()} {a_2} {TEX} |
{TEX()} {a_2 \,\!} {TEX} |
Grouping |
~np~ {a^{2+2 ~/np~ |
{TEX()} {a^{2+2}} {TEX} |
{TEX()} {a^{2+2} \,\!} {TEX} |
{a_{i,j |
{TEX()} {a_{i,j}} {TEX} |
{TEX()} {a_{i,j} \,\!} {TEX} |
Combining sub & super |
~np~ x_2^3 ~/np~ |
{TEX()} {x_2^3} {TEX} |
Preceding sub & super |
~np~ {}_1^2\!X_3^4 ~/np~ |
{TEX()} {{}_1^2\!X_3^4} {TEX} |
Derivative (good) |
'x |
{TEX()} {x'} {TEX} |
{TEX()} {x' \,\!} {TEX} |
Derivative (wrong in HTML) |
~np~ x^\prime~/np~ |
{TEX()} {x^\prime} {TEX} |
{TEX()} {x^\prime \,\!} {TEX} |
Derivative (wrong in PNG) |
~np~ x\prime ~/np~ |
{TEX()} {x\prime} {TEX} |
{TEX()} {x\prime \,\!} {TEX} |
Derivative dots |
{dot{x}, \ddot{x\ |
{TEX()} {\dot{x}, \ddot{x}} {TEX} |
Underlines & overlines |
{hat a \bar b \vec c \widehat {d e f} \overline {g h i} \underline {j k l\ |
{TEX()} {\hat a \ \bar b \ \vec c \ \widehat {d e f} \ \overline {g h i} \ \underline {j k l}} {TEX} |
Sum |
~np~ sum_{k=1}^N k^2\ ~/np~ |
{TEX()} {\sum_{k=1}^N k^2} {TEX} |
Product |
~np~ prod_{i=1}^N x_i\ ~/np~ |
{TEX()} {\prod_{i=1}^N x_i} {TEX} |
Limit |
lim_{n \to \infty}x_n\ |
{TEX()} {\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n} {TEX} |
Integral |
~np~ int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx\ ~/np~ |
{TEX()} {\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx} {TEX} |
Path Integral |
~np~ oint_{C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy\ ~/np~ |
{TEX()} {\oint_{C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy} {TEX} |
!Fractions, matrices, multilines
Feature |
Syntax |
How it looks rendered |
---|
Fractions |
{frac{2}{4} or {2 \over 4\ |
{TEX()} {\frac{2}{4}} {TEX} |
Binomial coefficients |
{n \choose k} |
{TEX()} {{n \choose k}} {TEX} |
Small Fractions |
{begin{matrix} \frac{2}{4} \end{matrix\ |
{TEX()} {\begin{matrix} \frac{2}{4} \end{matrix}} {TEX} |
Matrices |
{begin{matrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{matrix\ |
{TEX()} {\begin{matrix} x & y \\ z & v
\end{matrix}} {TEX} |
{begin{vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{vmatrix\ |
{TEX()} {\begin{vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v
\end{vmatrix}} {TEX} |
{begin{Vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{Vmatrix\ |
{TEX()} {\begin{Vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v
\end{Vmatrix}} {TEX} |
\begin{bmatrix} 0 & \cdots & 0 \\ \vdots &
\ddots & \vdots \\ 0 & \cdots &
0\end{bmatrix} |
{TEX()} {\begin{bmatrix} 0 & \cdots & 0 \\ \vdots
& \ddots & \vdots \\ 0 & \cdots &
0\end{bmatrix} } {TEX} |
{begin{Bmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{Bmatrix\ |
{TEX()} {\begin{Bmatrix} x & y \\ z & v
\end{Bmatrix}} {TEX} |
{begin{pmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{pmatrix\ |
{TEX()} {\begin{pmatrix} x & y \\ z & v
\end{pmatrix}} {TEX} |
Case distinctions |
f(n) = \left \{ \begin{matrix} n/2, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is
even} \\ 3n+1, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is odd}
\end{matrix} \right. |
{TEX()} {f(n) = \left \{ \begin{matrix} n/2, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even} \\ 3n+1, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is odd} \end{matrix} \right. } {TEX} |
Multiline equations |
~np~ \begin{matrix}f(n+1) & = & (n+1)^2 \\ \ &
= & n^2 + 2n + 1 \end{matrix} ~/np~ |
{TEX()} {\begin{matrix}f(n+1) & = & (n+1)^2 \\ \ & = & n^2 + 2n + 1 \end{matrix}} {TEX} |
!Fonts
Feature |
Syntax |
How it looks rendered |
---|
Greek letters |
alpha \beta \gamma \Gamma \phi \Phi \Psi\ \tau \Omega\ |
{TEX()} {\alpha\ \beta\ \gamma\ \Gamma\ \phi\ \Phi\ \Psi\ \tau\ \Omega} {TEX} |
Blackboard bold |
{x\in\mathbb{R}\sub\mathbb{C |
{TEX()} {x\in\mathbb{R}\subset\mathbb{C}} {TEX} |
boldface (vectors) |
mathbf{x}\cdot\mathbf{y} = 0\ |
{TEX()} {\mathbf{x}\cdot\mathbf{y} = 0} {TEX} |
boldface (greek) |
{boldsymbol{\alpha} + \boldsymbol{\beta} + \boldsymbol{\gamma\ |
{TEX()} {\boldsymbol{\alpha} + \boldsymbol{\beta} + \boldsymbol{\gamma}} {TEX} |
Fraktur typeface |
{mathfrak{a} \mathfrak{B\ |
{TEX()} {\mathfrak{a} \mathfrak{B}} {TEX} |
Script |
{mathcal{ABC\ |
{TEX()} {\mathcal{ABC}} {TEX} |
Hebrew |
aleph \beth \gimel \daleth\ |
{TEX()} {\aleph\ \beth\ \gimel\ \daleth} {TEX} |
non-italicised characters |
{mbox{abc\ |
{TEX()} {\mbox{abc}} {TEX} |
{TEX()} {\mbox{abc} \,\!} {TEX} |
mixed italics (bad) |
{mbox{if} n \mbox{is even\ |
{TEX()} {\mbox{if} n \mbox{is even}} {TEX} |
{TEX()} {\mbox{if} n \mbox{is even} \,\!} {TEX} |
mixed italics (good) |
{mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even\ |
{TEX()} {\mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even}} {TEX} |
{TEX()} {\mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even} \,\!} {TEX} |
!Parenthesizing big expressions
Feature |
Syntax |
How it looks rendered |
---|
Not good |
( \frac{1}{2} ) |
{TEX()} {( \frac{1}{2} )} {TEX} |
Better |
(left ( \frac{1}{2} \right\ |
{TEX()} {\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )} {TEX} |
You can use various delimiters with \left and \right:
Feature |
Syntax |
How it looks rendered |
---|
Parentheses |
left ( A \right )\ |
{TEX()} {\left ( A \right )} {TEX} |
Brackets |
~np~left [ A \right ]\~/np~ |
{TEX()} {\left [ A \right ]} {TEX} |
Braces |
{\left \{ A \right \ |
{TEX()} {\left \{ A \right \}} {TEX} |
Angle brackets |
left \langle A \right \rangle\ |
{TEX()} {\left \langle A \right \rangle} {TEX} |
Bars and double bars |
|\left | A \right | and \left \| B \right \ |
{TEX()} {\left | A \right | and \left \| B \right \|} {TEX} |
Delimiters can be mixed, as long as \left and \right match
|
(left [ 0,1 \right\ |left \langle \psi \right\
|
{TEX()} {\left [ 0,1 \right )
|
Use \left. and \right. if you don't want a delimiter to appear: |
left . \frac{A}{B} \right \} \to X\ |
{TEX()} {\left . \frac{A}{B} \right \} \to X} {TEX} |
!Spacing
Note that TeX handles most spacing automatically, but you may sometimes want manual control.
Feature |
Syntax |
How it looks rendered |
---|
double quad space |
a \qquad b |
{TEX()} {a \qquad b} {TEX} |
quad space |
a \quad b |
{TEX()} {a \quad b} {TEX} |
text space |
a\ b |
{TEX()} {a\ b} {TEX} |
text space without PNG conversion |
a \mbox{ } b |
{TEX()} {a \mbox{ } b} {TEX} |
large space |
a\;b |
{TEX()} {a\;b} {TEX} |
medium space |
a\>b |
{TEX()} {a\>b} {TEX} |
small space |
a\,b |
{TEX()} {a\,b} {TEX} |
no space |
ab |
{TEX()} {ab\,} {TEX} |
negative space |
a\!b |
{TEX()} {a\!b} {TEX} |
!Forced PNG rendering
Syntax |
How it looks rendered |
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~np~{a^{2+2~/np~ |
{TEX()} {a^{2+2}} {TEX} |
~np~,\{ a^{2+2~/np~ |
{TEX()} {a^{2+2} \,} {TEX} |
~np~{a^{\,\!2+2~/np~ |
{TEX()} {a^{\,\!2+2}} {TEX} |
~np~\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx~/np~ |
{TEX()} {\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx} {TEX} |
~np~,\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx \~/np~ |
{TEX()} {\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx \,} {TEX} |
~np~!\,\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx \~/np~ |
{TEX()} {\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx \,\!} {TEX} |
اگر لازم است فرمولی مانند {TEX()}\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx{TEX} را درون سطر یک متن قرار دهید، می توانید از برچسب استفاده کنید:
::__~np~ {TEX()}{...}{TEX}/font> ~/np~__::
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